In 2017, Nissan began collaborating with Waseda University, which has a record of researching non-ferrous metal recycling and smelting.
Nissan Motor and Waseda University today announced the start of testing in Japan of a jointly developed recycling process that recovers high-purity rare-earth compounds from electrified vehicle motor magnets. The testing is aimed at enabling practical application of the new process by the mid-2020s. EVs are potentially an ecological and political disaster since they rely on mining, refining and using potentially toxic rare-earth compounds. (Ford – EVs Present Environmental, Human Rights Issues)
Most EV motors in electrified vehicles use neodymium magnets, which contain scarce rare-earth metals such as neodymium and dysprosium. Reducing the use of scarce rare earths is essential not only because of the environmental impact of mining and refining, but also because the shifting balance of supply and demand leads to price fluctuations for both manufacturers and consumers.
To use limited and valuable resources more effectively, since 2010 Nissan says it has been working from the design stage to reduce the amount1 of heavy rare-earth elements (REEs) in motor magnets. In addition, Nissan is recycling REEs by removing magnets from motors that do not meet production standards and returning them to suppliers. Currently, multiple steps are involved, including manual disassembly and removal. Therefore, developing a simpler and more economical process is important to achieve increased recycling in the future.
In 2017, Nissan began collaborating with Waseda University, which has a record of researching non-ferrous metal recycling and smelting. In March 2020 the collaboration developed a pyrometallurgy process that does not require motor disassembly.
Process
- A carburizing material and pig iron are added to the motor, which is then heated to at least 1,400 C and begins to melt.
- Iron oxide is added to oxidize the REEs in the molten mixture.
- A small amount of borate-based flux, which is capable of dissolving rare-earth oxides even at low temperatures and highly efficiently recovering REEs, is added to the molten mixture.
- The molten mixture separates into two liquid layers, with the molten oxide layer(slag) that contains the REEs floating to the top, and the higher density iron-carbon(Fe-C) alloy layer sinking to the bottom.
- The REEs are then recovered from the slag.
1 The Nissan Note e-POWER produced in FY2020 uses magnets with 85% fewer heavy REEs than the Nissan LEAF produced in FY2010.
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About Ken Zino
Ken Zino, editor and publisher of AutoInformed, is a versatile auto industry participant with global experience spanning decades in print and broadcast journalism, as well as social media. He has automobile testing, marketing, public relations and communications experience. He is past president of The International Motor Press Assn, the Detroit Press Club, founding member and first President of the Automotive Press Assn. He is a member of APA, IMPA and the Midwest Automotive Press Assn.
He also brings an historical perspective while citing their contemporary relevance of the work of legendary auto writers such as Ken Purdy, Jim Dunne or Jerry Flint, or writers such as Red Smith, Mark Twain, Thomas Jefferson – all to bring perspective to a chaotic automotive universe.
Above all, decades after he first drove a car, Zino still revels in the sound of the exhaust as the throttle is blipped during a downshift and the driver’s rush that occurs when the entry, apex and exit points of a turn are smoothly and swiftly crossed. It’s the beginning of a perfect lap.
AutoInformed has an editorial philosophy that loves transportation machines of all kinds while promoting critical thinking about the future use of cars and trucks.
Zino builds AutoInformed from his background in automotive journalism starting at Hearst Publishing in New York City on Motor and MotorTech Magazines and car testing where he reviewed hundreds of vehicles in his decade-long stint as the Detroit Bureau Chief of Road & Track magazine. Zino has also worked in Europe, and Asia – now the largest automotive market in the world with China at its center.
Nissan, Waseda U. Testing EV Motor Recycling
In 2017, Nissan began collaborating with Waseda University, which has a record of researching non-ferrous metal recycling and smelting.
Nissan Motor and Waseda University today announced the start of testing in Japan of a jointly developed recycling process that recovers high-purity rare-earth compounds from electrified vehicle motor magnets. The testing is aimed at enabling practical application of the new process by the mid-2020s. EVs are potentially an ecological and political disaster since they rely on mining, refining and using potentially toxic rare-earth compounds. (Ford – EVs Present Environmental, Human Rights Issues)
Most EV motors in electrified vehicles use neodymium magnets, which contain scarce rare-earth metals such as neodymium and dysprosium. Reducing the use of scarce rare earths is essential not only because of the environmental impact of mining and refining, but also because the shifting balance of supply and demand leads to price fluctuations for both manufacturers and consumers.
To use limited and valuable resources more effectively, since 2010 Nissan says it has been working from the design stage to reduce the amount1 of heavy rare-earth elements (REEs) in motor magnets. In addition, Nissan is recycling REEs by removing magnets from motors that do not meet production standards and returning them to suppliers. Currently, multiple steps are involved, including manual disassembly and removal. Therefore, developing a simpler and more economical process is important to achieve increased recycling in the future.
In 2017, Nissan began collaborating with Waseda University, which has a record of researching non-ferrous metal recycling and smelting. In March 2020 the collaboration developed a pyrometallurgy process that does not require motor disassembly.
Process
1 The Nissan Note e-POWER produced in FY2020 uses magnets with 85% fewer heavy REEs than the Nissan LEAF produced in FY2010.
AutoInformed.com on
About Ken Zino
Ken Zino, editor and publisher of AutoInformed, is a versatile auto industry participant with global experience spanning decades in print and broadcast journalism, as well as social media. He has automobile testing, marketing, public relations and communications experience. He is past president of The International Motor Press Assn, the Detroit Press Club, founding member and first President of the Automotive Press Assn. He is a member of APA, IMPA and the Midwest Automotive Press Assn. He also brings an historical perspective while citing their contemporary relevance of the work of legendary auto writers such as Ken Purdy, Jim Dunne or Jerry Flint, or writers such as Red Smith, Mark Twain, Thomas Jefferson – all to bring perspective to a chaotic automotive universe. Above all, decades after he first drove a car, Zino still revels in the sound of the exhaust as the throttle is blipped during a downshift and the driver’s rush that occurs when the entry, apex and exit points of a turn are smoothly and swiftly crossed. It’s the beginning of a perfect lap. AutoInformed has an editorial philosophy that loves transportation machines of all kinds while promoting critical thinking about the future use of cars and trucks. Zino builds AutoInformed from his background in automotive journalism starting at Hearst Publishing in New York City on Motor and MotorTech Magazines and car testing where he reviewed hundreds of vehicles in his decade-long stint as the Detroit Bureau Chief of Road & Track magazine. Zino has also worked in Europe, and Asia – now the largest automotive market in the world with China at its center.